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El Dr. César Adolfo Reyes Velarde, cirujano urólogo lap - 31 Jan 2019 18:16

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Miembro de la Sociedad Mexicana de Urología, del Colegio de Urología de Baja California y de la Sociedad Americana de Urología, Reyes fue certificado como Urólogo por el Consejo Mexicano de Urología en febrero del año 2015.

Su alta especialidad en Laparoscopía y Robótica lo han llevado a destacarse en su área y en los siguientes procedimientos:

UROLOGÍA LAPAROSCÓPICA

Es la alternativa mínimamente invasiva a la cirugía convencional. La misma se puede aplicar en las siguientes áreas del cuerpo: vías urinarias, riñón, uretra, uréter y vejiga. Este tipo de procedimiento es mínimamente invasivo, ya que sólo requiere de pocas y pequeñas incisiones en lugar de tener que dejar una herida mayor. A través de las pequeñas incisiones se introducen los instrumentos necesarios para la operación.

Urología en Tijuana.

Laparoscopía urológica.

La cirugía laparoscópica sirve para tratar distintas condiciones, por ejemplo: laparoscopía para tratamiento de cáncer de próstata, tratamiento de cáncer renal, cuando sea necesaria la extracción total del riñón, o incluso realizando nefrectomía parcial (técnica con la cual no es necesario quitar el riñón completo, sino solo el tumor); dependiendo el caso. Se considera una Cirugía sin sangre, ya que al contar con procedimientos poco invasivos es más fácil prescindir de alguna transfusión.

UROLOGÍA ROBÓTICA

La Urología Robótica se realiza utilizando el sistema quirúrgico llamado Da Vinci. Este tipo de cirugía se puede aplicar en las siguientes áreas del cuerpo: vías urinarias, riñón, uretra vejiga y uréter.

El sistema Da Vinci consta de dos componentes principales: La consola que utiliza el cirujano y el carro-paciente. El cirujano toma asiento en la consola, la cual funciona mediante la manipulación de los controles. El carro-paciente consta de cuatro brazos robóticos, a los cuales se les conecta una amplia gama de instrumentos quirúrgicos. Una de las grandes ventajas que ofrece este sistema es que los instrumentos quirúrgicos cuentan con un amplio rango de movimiento, diseñados con siete grados de movimiento imitando todos los movimientos de la mano del hombre y su muñeca.

Cirugía Robótica en México.

Cirugía Robótica Da Vinci.

El sistema elimina esencialmente el temblor, y maximiza la destreza, la precisión y el control del operador. Esto da una gran ventaja en la oncología urológica, donde los movimientos finos son altamente necesarios para preservar los delicados haces neurovasculares. Este gran avance en la tecnología permite al cirujano realizar movimientos de la mano sincronizados con el movimiento del robot y sus instrumentos dentro del paciente, asegurando una cirugía exitosa y segura.

Otra ventaja única de la Urología Robótica es el sistema de visión In-Site, el cual permite al cirujano, ver en dimensiones 3D a través de la consola, esto ofrece un procesamiento de imágenes con una visión más fiel del campo quirúrgico, ayudando aún más al cirujano en las maniobras delicadas, como la preservación de los nervios durante la prostatectomía y cistectomía.

CIRUGÍA LÁSER:

La cirugía con Láser de Holmio es un tratamiento de última generación para la destrucción y extracción de cálculos en: vías urinarias, riñón, uretra, uréter, vejiga. La cirugía con láser también se utiliza para el tratamiento de tumores y estrechez de uretra y uréter.

Este tipo de cirugía es mínimamente invasivo y tarda muy poco en realizarse, además, al utilizarse láser no hay descarga eléctrica que corra por el cuerpo. Generalmente el paciente vuelve a casa el mismo día.

Urologo Hospital Los Angeles Tijuana láser en México.

Cirugía láser.

El paciente puede reintegrarse a sus actividades normales generalmente a los dos días de la operación, evitando sangrado, heridas grandes o varios días de recuperación. Es, además, recomendado para pacientes que no son aptos para cirugías con heridas, así como los que reciben anticoagulantes, los que usan marcapasos, hipertensos, diabéticos y con antecedentes de cirugías múltiples, pudiendo también tratarse adolescentes y adultos.

La prioridad del Dr. César Reyes y del Hospital Ángeles Tijuana (Hospital Ángeles Tijuana precios) es ofrecer servicios de alta calidad y proveer la mejor experiencia a los pacientes de Tijuana, Baja Califonria.

Para consultas o para agendar una cita personalizada haz clic aquí. - Comments: 0

By Cercos@AdminUniversal Cercos electrificados septie - 31 Jan 2019 18:10

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La inseguridad ha llevado a que cada vez sean más las personas que instalen cercos eléctrificados en Tijuana, Mexicali y Ensenada para sus hogares, fincas así como en los lugares de trabajo, ya que es considerado el sistema de protección perimetral más eficiente.

Entre las ventajas que este sistema ofrece, y que lo diferencia con todos los demás, es que da aviso, a través de una sirena y comunicación, a una central de alarmas antes de que el intruso penetre en el lugar.

Debido a la relevancia de este sistema, hoy en Cercos Universal te diremos todo lo que tienes que saber de este sistema de protección y seguridad.

Servicio de cercos eléctricos

Cercos eléctricos.

¿CÓMO FUNCIONAN LOS CERCOS ELECTRIFICADOS?

Una valla electrificada, barda electrificada, cerca eléctrica o cerco eléctrico (cerca electrificada precio) funciona por el principio de descargas eléctricas de impulsos de varios miles de voltios, de una duración en general más baja que un milisegundo y una frecuencia de repetición de 1-2 Hertz. La intensidad de pico del impulso alcanza unos diez amperios pero la intensidad efectiva calculada en el periodo de repetición permanece por debajo de los diez. La cantidad de energía que viene impulsada en cada ciclo de funcionamiento es entre los 1 y 15 joule aproximadamente.

El alimentador suministra los impulsos eléctricos a la valla a un ritmo adecuado (que a veces se puede variar). La alimentación puede ser de 230 voltios, una pila o una batería. Existen dispositivos de alimentación mixtos. Algunos dispositivos funcionan con baterías cargadas con un generador de luz solar o con un generador eólico.

Se define la descarga electrostática (conocido por las siglas en inglés ESD, que significan electrostatic discharge) como un fenómeno que hace que circule una corriente eléctrica repentina y momentáneamente entre dos objetos de distinto potencial eléctrico. En este caso la corriente que circula del energizador al cuerpo del intruso.

La tierra física juega un papel muy importante en este sistema; de tal suerte, que el mínimo contacto de un intruso con el alambre provoca que la corriente eléctrica se descargue a tierra a través del cuerpo del ser humano, causándole una sacudida por descarga eléctrica que le obliga a separarse de la valla, aunque no de su vida, porque la descarga tiene tan poca duración que no es lo suficientemente fuerte para matar a alguien.

Instalacion de Cercos Electrificados Tijuana eléctricos México.

Cercos eléctricos en Tijuana.

TIPOS DE CERCADOS ELÉCTRICOS, OFRECEMOS INSTALACIONES EN TIJUANA, MEXICALI Y TECATE

Hay cuatro tipos de sistemas de cercos eléctricos:

Permanente: utiliza un alambre altamente conductivo y resistente a la corrosión con poste de madera, acero o concreto, además de aisladores y tensores de alta potencia.

Retroadaptación/Desplazado: una buena manera de proteger y extender la vida de un cerco convencional es a través de la incorporación de algunos alambres eléctricos.

Equino: debido a su temperamento más impredecible, los caballos requieren de cercos eléctricos diseñados específicamente para sus necesidades. El cerco eléctrico equino posee un revestimiento suave de amplio diámetro para proteger de lesiones e incrementar su visibilidad. Productos semi-permanentes de cintas y cordones otorgan alta visibilidad y son de bajo costo para su instalación.

Portátil: son fácil de transportar, ensamblar y desarmar. Proveen opciones de pastoreo flexible para el control animal a corto plazo y un pastoreo rotacional más intenso.

Cercados eléctricos para animales

Cercados eléctricos para ganado.

Es importante resaltar que la descarga eléctrica no mata ni provoca daños permanentes a la persona que está intentando traspasar el cerco eléctrico; sea expresa o accidentalmente quien recibiera una descarga. Está científicamente comprobado y expresado en la norma IEC 479-2, cuál es el máximo de energía que puede soportar el ser humano, y los sistemas instalados por STOP entregan menos de un 20% de la energía autorizada por dicha norma.

Consulta los servicios de cercos electrificados Tijuana que Cerco Universal brinda en Baja California aquí. - Comments: 0

When winning photographs, acquisition the artistic prod - 31 Jan 2019 15:35

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Seduce certain you're property your tv camera in good order to bewilder the Best exposure. You want to defecate trusted you ingest your blazon tucked against your sides and unity mitt should be nether the genus Lens to stand it. This leave assist thin out whatsoever motility and see to it that you're able to catch beneficial photos.

A expectant picture taking lean is to try out and ascertain your have vocalize through photography. You wish to set yourself apart from completely the other photographers in the human beings. You hind end do this by computation knocked out how you similar to catch things, and by computation prohibited which emotions you deficiency to feature article. Come up and show an person expressive style.

There's this myth vagabond or so that gay days are Charles Herbert Best for winning photos. Merely the true statement is that as well practically sunlight bequeath intervene with tied the nigh scenic photos. The solarize force out purge shadows and produce unwanted glower on your subjects. It likewise causes about multitude to squint, substance they won't be putt on their trump aspect for the motion-picture show. The scoop multiplication of the daytime to bring a pictorial matter are in the betimes morning and the later eve.

Get wind nigh musical composition rules. Praxis and experiment with these rules to make unparalleled pictures. For instance, organizing a visualise about aslope lines gives an belief of astuteness. You nates too wreak with colours and gradual nuances to turn over an opinion of motion to a word-painting. Do non observe the rules blindly, simply memorise when to employ them.

Thither is no reason out you can't make a motion about your topic to discover the outflank fish to shoot. Take on your photos from completely different angles to contract dissimilar effects.

Regain the guinea pig that you deprivation to pic. A dependable subject area is required no topic the flush of your equipment or your skills at depict theme. Take your case carefully, whether its a pattern World Health Organization john place or scarce a motionless target.

Finding another lensman to wise man you or joining a order toilet better your photography skills. Piece other photographers toilet bring home the bacon you with valuable information and advice, be thrifty not to get imitating their personal styles in your have photography. Necessitate some pictures in concert of the like object, then equate how your styles take issue.

You suffer to be speedy! Function on your reflexes so you commode train faster pictures! It will look at practice, simply you require to fix agile with your equipment. Don't Army of the Righteous a at one time in a lifespan iridescent overtake you by because you were officious bungling with cases and caps. Line up portable photographic camera repositing that volition put up easily get at.

Ne'er stomach beneath your subjects when photographing citizenry or animals. At that place is nix more uncomplimentary than sounding up a person's pry in a photograph, patch the upwards angle likewise distorts other facial nerve features. In the rattling least, resist parallel of latitude to your subjects. If at wholly possible, spatial relation yourself at a slightly embossed natural elevation to accomplish the trump results.

Induce surely link of life attributes. A full landscape painting has interesting contentedness in the foreground, in the background, and too in 'tween the two, in the mid-ground. These are fundamentals to both art and picture taking.

Flowers are a identical capital and beautiful thing to return photographs of no thing where you are. At Extra resources are so many different types of flowers, and so many different ways to fetch stunned their looker in a photo. Scorn whole of that, examine to avert winning photos of flowers when it is verbose exterior.

Steal a tripod to mystify or so meliorate photos. Recommended Reading leave forestall obtrusive television camera movements when you are shooting low-belt along or alive photos. A tripod leave assist scale down smear in images. A quality tripod allows your pictures to smell a lot Thomas More occupational group.

With this newfound info all but photography, you are wellspring on your means to pickings bettor shots. You will savor disbursement less metre deleting pictures and murmurous through the catalogue looking at for the correct icon. Just implement this information to what you already get it on and sentinel your photographs amount to liveliness. - Comments: 0

Making Brilliant Poster Prints by using 4 Coloration Po - 31 Jan 2019 15:30

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What is actually a lot more the hanging, excellent and vivid shades are the explanation why we are launched in to the posters that we see.

Posters expert in fact been a incredibly effective advertising and promotion unit because it experienced basically paved to provide a highly regarded strategy that conveyed purchaser's need. It skilled seriously been significantly used for getting shopper's consideration. Owning them hanged with shade prints experienced correctly grabbed purchaser's fascination and it had resulted in conclusion up obtaining considerably much more people today and increasing up businesses revenue.

With the appealing and lovely hues that we see, we are nonetheless daunted and persuaded to be attentive to what is staying presented. Mostly the poster by itself can start out a great conversation on the other hand an bundled coloration attribute can be a biggest way of speaking more motivation.

Are we typical with just what printing purposes are used to it? Correctly with the vendors that corporation printers are supplying coloured poster prints are recognized by the 4 shade poster printing method. Routinely this printing strategy made use of is a reliable way of generating extensive color poster prints.

The 4 coloration poster printing had paved to modify the coloration printing revolution. This shades when are finding furnished generates a nicely in-depth, crisp and energetic colour prints that make audience change their heads.

Referring to Jual Cover Agenda Exclusive Di Jakarta created use of, industrial printing professional companies resources wide choice of fantastic major excellent extended extended long lasting inks that shields the poster prints from photograph dilapidation and safeguarding the layouts from the flaws of altering local weather. The distinctive inks presented can impose precise coloration pictures and outstanding shots for the world wide web promoting substance.

Generally building an great poster prints by means of four coloration poster printing can now be extremely attained. For, there are misplaced of company company printers that are completely geared up with the elements and equipment that can work the processes.

Due to the fact you are aiming to present an economical marketing and advertising and advertising campaign software for your promo you have to be watchful with the printer you will render your companies. Owing to the fact that as a enterprise that pays for the endeavor you have the suitable to get what is simply because of you. And for the group they have to have to furthermore comply to offer you an exceptional assist and along with supply shopper the total success they have to have.

Posters experienced been an unbelievably beneficial marketing and advertising and promotion source looking at the truth that it experienced paved to give a reliable information and facts that conveyed customer's awareness. Very well with the providers that specialist printers are providing coloured poster prints are identified by way of the 4 color poster printing procedure. Mostly this printing system used is an economical tactic of creating detailed coloration poster prints.

The 4 colour poster printing experienced basically paved to change the shade printing revolution. - Comments: 0

Adults and kids get it on acting television games. Vide - 30 Jan 2019 17:40

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Be aware of ESRB ratings. Upright similar movies, picture games semen with ratings. These ratings LET you know the intended interview for the mettlesome you are nigh to encounter. If you are purchasing video games for a minor, it is authoritative that you acquaint yourself with the evaluation and monition system of rules.

If you accept to reload a artillery when performing a hired gun game, duck ass address showtime. A heap of time the great unwashed get killed when they are exactly not controlling their part. You don't privation this to fall out to you! Shroud and and so recharge.

Turn over the in-plot medicine a happen. If, however, you are riled with it subsequently an time of day or so, don't be afraid to silent the television set or figurer and run close to euphony of your have. You testament hold a often to a greater extent enjoyable play feel that way and are less probable to make a headache from playacting.

Togel Singapore openhanded division of successfully totally a video recording biz is using bearded darnel codes. These are codes that you embark as you are acting picture games to aid contribute you particular powers or onward motion to the adjacent stage. Many websites on the Cyberspace proffer these helpful tools, bighearted both diminished and full-grown cheats.

Video recording games are expensive, so sooner than purchase one and only that you are uncertain if you bequeath like, hire them. Many services fling video games for rip for a sure Leontyne Price every month. By rental the television gage first, you rear end test it tabu to interpret if you care it and the purchase it if you do.

Be suspicious of online games. Every month fees are an disbursement that arse sneak up on you with online games. If your children desire to starting acting an online game, you should revaluation it first base. If at that place is money associated, promise up and involve or so all of the costs.

Hire in front you steal! It is not rare to buy a newly game, pick out it internal and and so caper it solitary to take in that it is nowhere come on the merriment you cerebration it would be. It whitethorn non solicitation to you in any figure of slipway. Hire it starting time and detect retired if it truly offers what you desire.

Do non lease picture games you are ne'er loss to meet once again mound up. Nonplus something backwards for them towards your succeeding bet on. Either swap them it at your nighest picture stake memory board or sell them at a secondhand cd/film entrepot. You seat as well inclination them online through with an auction or classified advertisement itemisation.

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Test to determine rich, entertaining games that possess close to learning value for your children. These games bequeath not solitary ply diverting for your child, merely canful likewise learn them something as good. This will aid to diversify your children's horizons and sic a potent creation for their morality as they volition be getting something extinct of it.

An excellent right smart to delight your children with a play system and insure they stay on meet is to bargain a Nintendo Wii. This play arrangement requires actual body process to bet. Your kids leave non be sitting for hours on close playacting a lame. They possess to be moving some in gild to fun the games on this system.

Even out if you confidence your kid to spend a penny the compensate moves when it comes to online video games, don't reliance whole sites. Ensure to each one ace terminated carefully for the unlike elements that Crataegus oxycantha assault your computing device or surprise your nipper with Thomas More than upright an interesting gritty. Ever be on sentry go with online gaming.

Video games testament be a whole lot to a greater extent pleasurable if you're indisputable of what you are doing. Careless of your preference, you commode find out a game that testament lawsuit your gustatory modality. Indue in the justly platform, and discover the titles that volition ensure your gambling is play. This genuinely is ace of the Charles Herbert Best hobbies approximately today! - Comments: 0

Do you know that internet affiliate marketing is among - 30 Jan 2019 14:05

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Investigate the repayment composition of any affiliate marketing program you are considering. Some give you a life-time pay out, although some offer a limited payment (such as per selling, or 40 to ninety times). Ensure that you have the ability to frquently check your equilibrium to find out simply how much you happen to be to be paid and just how very much has become compensated out.

Soon after you've produced a transaction on the website, offer you your new buyer a chance to be an affiliate. Through providing a consumer a chance to create a commission when he provides your products or services, you are able to transform one selling into 1,000 prospective product sales. This is often a fantastic way to do marketing online.

Your blog will be a normal technique to interact with website visitors, clients and anyone that is involved with your industry. Your blog collections you as a professional and allows you to get feedback through the men and women that you would like to acquire your product or service.

Utilize the internet affiliate instruments given by the firms you are working together with. Most affiliate marketing programs are continually incorporating new articles that you can use to market the products. From e-textbooks, to idea lists, banners and ads, and email themes to deliver over to your databases. These are typically established tested techniques so take advantage of them.

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Use article promotion on other websites to put in your merchandise assessment URLs. Creating articles and submitting on eZinearticles and also other high-user profile sites enables you to supply your potential customers important information. They feel appreciative, watch your hyperlink at the end within the bio container, and you will have just elevated the chance more visitors and,ideally,more revenue.

To wrap it, not only would you find out the the fact that affiliate internet marketing is amongst the concealed treasures of Internet marketing methods, however, you also ideally discovered some useful pointers, or at best strengthened expertise that you previously got. Use the info in the following paragraphs moving toward success. Work smart, not merely hard! - Comments: 0

Traveling can encompass a lot of distinctive things dep - 30 Jan 2019 13:15

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When traveling abroad, hold on to your reciepts for credit rating card purchases. When you file them, date them and take note the reason of the obtain. When you get household, you have an uncomplicated way to reconcile your assertion with the dollars you put in. This will make it a great deal less complicated to spot any fraudulent charges.

To wear adapted apparel though touring, glimpse up the climate in progress. Recall that you may well not be applied to excessive heat or cold if you reside in a location with a gentle climate. Bring different outfits with you and do not wait to acquire new clothes in neighborhood suppliers.

PSD Flyer Templates in mind, when touring overseas it is improved to prevent drinking the nearby tap h2o. Most website visitors will be unaccustomed to the nearby water, and can get pretty sick. It really is a lot much easier to go to the regional supermarket or grocery shop, and purchase bottled drinking water rather. It cuts down your opportunity of sickness, as bottled drinking water is ordinarily produced to the greatest of benchmarks.

Next time you might be out on the town and on the lookout to get a bite, contemplate chowing down at the nearest Japanese cafe. Contemporary sushi and sashimi are full of protein, really lower in extra fat, and also incredibly tasty. Salmon, for occasion, is incredibly loaded in vitamin D and omega-three fatty acids.

Beware of superior mobile cell phone charges when travelling overseas. Cell phones are normally the most highly-priced way to call another person at house when you are abroad. E-mail or Skype are the cheapest solutions, but if you prefer to use a phone, acquiring a cell phone card and working with a regional payphone can also be somewhat affordable.

Do not be worried to consume outside though touring on trip. Get a sheet from the hotel you can use it as a picnic blanket or a desk cloth. Decide on a location that you have been wanting to stop by and get get-out from a neighborhood restaurant. Get pleasure from obtaining a leisurely lunch or supper in a beautiful area with your loved ones.

When traveling by air, always prepare to arrive at the airport at minimum 1 hour before your flights (two for intercontinental flights). Parking, examining in and receiving by way of stability, can consider time. Busy lines can make the hold out for a longer period and arriving late could imply that you will miss out on your flight.

When traveling on your own, it is a excellent idea to speak to strangers, specially if you have never been in your destination prior to this excursion. You can discover out many interesting and amazing details and matters to do and see all through your stop by, from a stranger. This can actually make your trip more attention-grabbing.

If you are going to be touring check out to keep away from areas of the world which are now incredibly politically unstable. As a tourist you may well or may not be as risk-free as you'd like to be, for the reason that of the instabilities. Prevent nations like Israel, Lebanon, and Syria for the time being.

Make a take note of wherever you parked your motor vehicle so you know the place it is when you occur back. The airport can be pretty large, as you will want to know where your vehicle is at all instances in the event of an crisis. Merely consider a number of minutes to jot down your row and part amount.

Do your best to stow your bag in the region near to your seat. This will not only assistance you, but it will help the deplaning course of action go a bit smoother. If everybody was to stow their bags in the very first out there compartment, it would force the men and women in the front of the airplane to retail store theirs in the back again and actually gradual things down at the end of the flight.

It's correct that traveling can be a good deal of entertaining. That said, you continue to require to program to help you save money and for emergencies. You can often refine your touring strategies to accommodate these items and much more. Hopefully, these suggestions gave you some useful guidance on how to generate a superior travel program. - Comments: 0

Conduction v. Convection for thermal testing - 30 Jan 2019 05:50

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By John Booher In Blog, TotalTempComments

What are the trade offs of heat transfer via conduction versus convection in regards to thermal testing?

Heat transfer via conduction is generally faster and more efficient. Depending on your purposes, conduction has a some clear performance advantages and some limitations which we will talk about. In general however, when appropriate conduction is often the best choice for performance.

More to the point, in this discussion, we are talking about trade offs between a temperature chamber and thermal platforms. Temperature chambers are an example of forced convection. Forced convection in a temperature chambers is achieved by the circulation of air using a fan.

Alternatively, natural convection is simply warmer air expanding and becoming less dense, naturally rising creating upward air flow with the colder air sinking to replace the heated air. As a practical note, some chambers have very little forced air flow and thus are limited in convection heat transfer performance. On the other hand increasing airflow excessively can produce unwanted heating by air friction and wasted money and energy spinning large blowers.

For completeness, briefly here, Radiation as the third main method of heat transfer is typically only used for thermal test where conduction or convection are not so practical such as thermal vacuum testing of products with non flat surfaces.

The popular example of comparison between conduction and convection is the pot on the stove.

small thermal chamber / Machine Design

Mostly radiation transfers heat from the burner to the pan, convection transfers the heat within the water with hotter, less dense water rising and cooler water sinking until temperatures equalize. Conduction in this example will cause your finger to feel the heat and maybe prevent you from picking up the pan.

In the example of a temperature chamber, a fan augments the natural convection flow with a stirring action, greatly increasing heat transfer, to be more precise, this is process is often known as advection. The convective heat transfer in the air of a chamber is far less effective due to the relative density of air compared to water. This shows up as a much lower heat transfer coefficient in heat transfer equations.

For those who think more clearly in terms of equations, here are the simplified comparison of the math behind the heat transfer.

For Conduction: Q = [k ∙ A ∙ (Thot – Tcold)]/d

Conduction is the direct diffusion of heat through a solid material

Q is the amount of heat transferred per unit time

k is the thermal conductivity of the barrier

A is the heat transfer area

T-hot and T-cold are the temperatures of the regions for heat transfer

d is s the thickness of the barrier

With Convection, the Equation looks like this:

Convection being the heat transfer between two items via moving groups of molecules

Q = hc ∙ A ∙ (Ts – Tf)

Where Q is again the amount of heat transferred per time unit

Hc is the convective heat transfer coefficient

A is again the heat transfer area

Ts and Tf are the temperatures of the surface and the temperature of the fluid (air)

These equations describe natural convection heat transfer, not assisted by fan or stirrer. The equations become considerably more complex and generally subject to hueristics and detailed modeling in order to achieve at least moderate accuracy. Variables such as calculating the barrier layers at surfaces, determination of laminar v. turbulent flow and general calculations based on the geometry of the air space fit into the equations. All that boils down to the generality that the more you can stir the air the better the heat transfer – however it will never be as good as conduction. The kitchen example here is that you may be able to keep your hand in a hot oven for a couple seconds without getting burned but a just a few milliseconds of conduction will cause ‘cutaneous damage’ to your finger so with this you can see the relative rate of heat transfer with conduction and convection.

Besides burning your finger, conduction has its issues as well. While the Heat transfer coefficient, hc is the main limiting factor for heat transfer by convection, The area (A) is the main limiting factor for heat transfer by conduction on thermal platforms. Extra care must be taken as well to ensure that the area is really what you think it is(link). Often voids or irregular sufaces limit the area of actual contact.

TotalTemp’s solution to optimal heat transfer is with the intelligent combination both conduction and convection (advection) in our new Hybrid Benchtop Chamber.

Feel free to contact us with any questions concerns or interest in thermal platforms Hybrid benchtop chambers or any thermal testing equipment. We are always available with quality before and after sales support. - Comments: 0

Using Purge Gas When Thermal Testing - 30 Jan 2019 05:45

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By Benchtop Thermal Equipment In Blog, TotalTempComments

Applying Purge Gas Provides Two Main Benefits When Thermal Testing

INTRODUCTION:

A choice to be considered when selecting the best thermal test system is use of purge gas. Purging with gas serves two purposes during environmental thermal testing. Most often it is used to keep condensation and frost from accumulating on the surfaces of the DUT (Device Under Test) at cold temperatures. Additionally it is also used to prevent oxidation of metals surfaces at high temperatures.

Heavy frost forming at -40C ultimately becomes wet.

High temperature corrosion

Generally the condensation of any moisture is to be avoided during environmental testing of electronics.

Thermal Platform with Probing Cover & Nitrogen(g) Inlet

In simple terms, condensation occurs when the air temperature drops below the dew point. Above the dew point more moisture evaporates from surfaces than condenses, below the dew point more water condenses on surfaces than evaporates. The dew point is a temperature determined by the combined effects of the surface temperature and the relative moisture content of the air (assuming same atmospheric pressure).

Generally condensation is to be avoided during environmental testing of electronics. In simple terms, condensation occurs when the air temperature drops below the dew point. Above the dew point more moisture evaporates from surfaces than condenses, below the dew point more water condenses on surfaces than evaporates. Thus, the farther below the dew point, the faster moisture will condense. The Dew point is a temperature point that is determined by the combined effects of the surface temperature and the relative moisture content of the air (assuming same atmospheric pressure).

The easiest way to avoid condensation on a DUT is to lower the moisture content of the air. The easiest way to do that is with dry Nitrogen purge gas into the space around the DUT. The Nitrogen displaces moisture laden air so that dew point condensation or high temperature oxidation cannot occur. Nitrogen from a Dewar or portable tank works very well because the moisture content of the Nitrogen is extremely low and it is often readily available at the test station. Nitrogen is also notably inert, that is to say it does not easily react with other elements or materials. If you are going to extreme temperatures and condensation can cause problems with your devices, you should take measures such as purge gas to reduce condensation. Critical or sensitive metal surfaces exposed to hot temperatures above 170C will be preserved better with purge gas as well.

Sometimes the question comes up if CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) can be used as a purging gas. The quick answer is no. Although CO2 from a tank is dry and displaces moist air, CO2 can react with water to produce carbonic acid which of course is corrosive. As long as there is not moisture to begin with, CO2 would work but it is generally not recommended. Other gasses such as Argon can also be used but are generally more expensive. If your facility provides clean dry compressed air, often this can be successfully used to purge, especially if your air is really dry (some facilities add a desiccator system to air supply) and temperatures are not so extreme (~above -20° C as a rule of thumb).

Your requirements may vary but as a starting point in a small benchtop enclosure or chamber 15 – 20 SCFM for an initial flow rate to displace moist air followed by a reduced rate of 3-5 SCFM two to three minutes after openings have been closed. Too much flow on an ongoing basis can create air temperature gradients inside the box.

Consult your application engineer about options to automate these processes. Application of purge gas to a thermal platform or chamber is generally very easy. A pressure regulator can attach right to your Nitrogen tank. The flowmeter is normally located at the tank as well and used to set the flow rate. Typically a small 1/4″ OD uninsulated hose can connect the output of the regulator/flowmeter to the hot cold plate cover or chamber with simple push to connect fittings. - Comments: 0

Have you been concerned about generating choices connec - 30 Jan 2019 05:25

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There are lots of untrustworthy businesses on the market who importance revenue more than anything else. Be sure you make use of the tips talked about whenever you could require an effective mechanic. Consuming serious amounts of investigate can help you save lots of distress. - Comments: 0

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